Flétan (fletan)– Halibut, the fish.

from
Behind the French Menu
by
Bryan G. Newman

behindthefrenchmenu@gmail.com

 

   
In France Halibut is usually the Atlantic halibut, but if the menu notes flétan noir, then that is the smaller Greenland halibut, an equally tasty fish. There is a Pacific halibut but France’s has easier and closer access to the North Atlantic.  Halibut has a delicate taste, with a firm and bright, sweet, white flesh that will most likely be on the menu poached or baked, and served with a sauce.  Halibut cheeks are sweet and considered a delicacy.
  
The fog warning (1885).
Painting: Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Fishing in the Grand Banks off Newfoundland. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
    
Halibut on French Menus:

Filet de Flétan Sauce Saint-Péray Garni – Filet of halibut with vegetables served with a sauce made with the Saint Peray AOP sparkling wine.  The Saint Peray AOP is an enjoyable white, sparkling, wine from the Northern Rhone. It is similar to other sparkling wines, for example, a Cremant; it is made with the Méthode Champenoise but with different grapes to Champagne.
   
Ballotine de Truite et  Flétan Fumé – An entrée, the French starter, of cold stuffed and fileted trout served together with smoked halibut.
  
Filet de Flétan à la Crème d'Oseille – Filet of halibut served with a cream of sorrel sauce.
   

A mouth watering dish of halibut and asparagus.
Filet de Flétan Noir Vapeur, Risotto Safrané et Beurre Blanc à l’Aneth -  Steamed Greenland halibut served with a risotto flavored with saffron and Beurre Blanc Sauce flavored with aniseed.
   
Flétan au Ragoût de Palourdes, Asperges Confites et Tomates Cerises – A stew of halibut and clams, flavored with an asparagus compote and cherry tomatoes.
  
Halibut with mango, asparagus and tomato
Photographer’s note: “Delicious”
Photograph courtesy of stu_spivack
  
Le Filet de Flétan Poché, Sauce aux Citrons de Sicile – Poached filet of halibut served with a sauce made from Sicilian lemons.
    
Le Filet de Flétan Sauce Bretonne -  A filet of halibut served with a Sauce Bretonne. For fish Bretonne Sauce is a white sauce made with fish stock, butter, mushrooms and white Muscadet wine.
 
Mille-Feuilles de Saumon Fumé et FlétanMille-Feuilles, interwoven leaves, of smoked salmon and smoked halibut.
  
Halibut cheeks.
  
Halibut are the largest of all flounders and among the largest of all fish.  Fishermen and women occasionally land fish that weigh over 300 kilos; however, if you go out fishing do not expect a halibut weighing much over 10 kilos (22 lbs).
    
Here they really have caught a large halibut.
Photograph courtesy of Andrea Pokrzywinski
  
Halibut in the languages of France's neighbors:
    
 (Catalan - Halibut de l'Atlàntic), (Dutch - heilbot), (German - heilbutt),  (Italian - passera artica  or halibut), (Spanish -– fletan).
   
Connected Posts:
   
   
   
   
   
      

Behind the French Menu
by
Bryan G. Newman

 

behindthefrenchmenu@gmail.com

 

Copyright 2010, 2016.

Macis and Fleur de Muscade, Mace and Nutmeg. Important Spices in French Cuisine.

from
Behind the French Menu
by
Bryan G. Newman

behindthefrenchmenu@gmail.com

 


The fruit, the mace (the aril) and the nutmeg.
 
        
Mace is the outer covering of the nutmeg, the lace-like tissue called the aril and inside is the nutmeg itself.   However, just to keep us confused the nutmeg is not a nut.  The nutmeg is, in fact, the kernel of an apricot-like fruit.
  
The fresh fruit. Inside is the mace covering the nutmeg.
       
What is the difference in taste between mace and the nutmeg? My own experience says not too much and I hear the same when I listen to what the chefs say. Furthermore, when you look at similar recipes in different cookbooks you will see books that favor mace while others favor nutmeg.  After a blind tasting of two cakes each flavored equally, but separately it confirmed my belief that mace and nutmeg have practically the same flavor, with mace, the aril,  possibly being very very slightly lighter. The chef who offered me the blind tasting himself chooses one of the two by smell.
     
The mace and the nutmeg.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/e-coli/24656113615/sizes/m/
      
Mace and nutmeg on the French menu;
      
Aile de Raie et Moules de Bouchots au Lait de Coco et au Macis Skate, the fish, served with small mussels, all cooked in coconut milk and flavored with mace.
   

Nutmegs drying in Grenada.
Nutmegs is a big business.
     
Confit de Figues Rôties à la Muscade -  A compote of  roasted figs flavored with nutmeg,
       
  Crème de Butternut au Macis – A cream soup of butternut squash flavored with mace.
     
   Feuilleté de Ris de Veau et Homard sur lit d'Épinards à la Muscade. Thin leaves of veal sweetbreads and lobster served on a bed of spinach flavored with nutmeg.
       

Creamed spinach flavored with nutmeg,
     
   
   Filet d'Omble Chevalier Poché à l'Anis Étoilé, Pelmeni aux Carottes de Sable et Macis.  Fresh Water Char poached with star anis. All served with pelmeni, Russian Siberian dumplings, here filled with France’s highest rated carrots  flavored with mace.
      
   Filet de Dorade Royale, Sauce Fleur de Muscade- A filet of  Gilthead Sea Bream served with nutmeg based sauce.
     

Pecan, chocolate chunk cookies flavored with mace.
      
Suprême de Pintade Rôti aux Quatre Épices, Pommes de Terre & Carottes, Sauce Figue. Breast of roasted guinea fowl flavored with the quatre épices, the four spices. and served with potatoes and carrots and a fig sauce. 

    Mace and nutmeg came early to France; one or other are part  of the oldest French spice group that is called the Épice Parisienne or the Quatre Épices, the four spices.  Today, when a chef is using this spice group he or she may be using five spices rather than four, but they will still be on the menu as the quatre épices.  The group always includes poivre, pepper corns; noix de muscade, nutmeg, (or macis, mace); and clous de girofle, cloves. The fourth was originally gingembre, ginger or cannelle, Chinese cinnamon. Chinese cinnamon is usually replaced by cannelle de Ceylan, Ceylonese cinnamon and ginger may still be included.
   
Pecan strudel
Spices: cinnamon, nutmeg, orange zest.
   
Mace and nutmeg are used in sauces, chutneys as well as spiced vinegars and sausages.  Both mace and nutmeg are used in pickling and I am now convinced that the use of one over another is due to tradition and not the taste.  When a popular recipe has used nutmeg for years it will be difficult to change to mace, or even to use mace if nutmeg is not available. I have seen recipes where nutmeg and mace are listed in different cookbooks for use in the same desserts and pastries.  How do you choose? Maybe by color? Mace is often preferred in light dishes for the orange, saffron-like hue it imparts. Mace is bright red to purple when harvested but after drying the color changes to amber. In France, nutmeg and mace are also used for infusions, tisanes, herb teas. 
   
In the beginning, the only place in the world where you could find nutmeg and mace were the Banda Islands, the Spice islands, a tiny archi­pelago in Eastern Indonesia, now a UNESCO World Heritage site. Today, most of the world’s nutmeg comes from Indonesia and the Island State of Grenada in the Caribbean.  There is no difference in taste, but Indonesian mace and nutmegs are mainly exported to Europe and Asia while Grenada's mace and nutmeg are sold to North America.
    
As was usual four hundred years ago the French and the British were fighting, then it was over the island of Grenada.  Then came the 1783 treaty of Versailles and the British gained control of Grenada until its independence in 1964.  Today, with a population of less than 100,000 Granada is one of the smallest independent countries in the world. Granada’s nutmeg exports are the work of the most famous British botanist of the 18th century, Sir Joseph Banks.  The flag of Grenada shows a nutmeg, the islands main export item.  If you visit Grenada you will see that the trees where the nutmeg and the mace grow is an evergreen tree that can reach 8 meters high.
    
A nutmeg forest.
  
While discussing nutmegs there was one thing I was warned of at least ten times.  Use ground nutmeg in recipes but never, ever, buy pre-ground nutmeg.  Apparently apart from losing flavor when you buy pre-ground nutmeg there may be bugs that can cause serious dietary problems and you cannot see them if the nutmeg is already ground.
   
For choosing the best nutmegs a French chef and a store owner in a spice market both agreed that the best nutmegs are the larger nutmegs, they also cost more by weight. Mace should be chosen by color and, if possible, by smell.
    
Rum Punch from Grenada with nutmeg.
    
Dishes based on recipes from the French Carribean departments of Martinique and Guadeloupe in the Caribbean will certainly include nutmeg and or mace.  Many of these Caribbean recipes  may be slightly changed versions from menus in mainland France,  These are dishes that often have  … à l'Antillaise in their names and to those are added Caribbean French-Creole recipes.  
      

Nutmeg fruit; in two weeks they will be ready for picking.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/leeco/5606854511/sizes/m/
    
Nutmeg in the languages of France’s neighbors:
     
 (Catalan -  nou moscada), (Dutch - nootmuskaat), (German - muskatnuss), (Italian - noce moscata ), (Spanish - moscada, nuez moscada).
     
Mace in the languages of France’s neighbors:
   
(Catalan - maça), (Dutch - muskaatnoot), (German – muskatblüte), (Italian – mace), (Spanish - macia).
     
Connected Posts:
    
 
   
   
   
 
 
  
  
  
 
 

Behind the French Menu
by
Bryan G. Newman

 

behindthefrenchmenu@gmail.com

 

Copyright 2010, 2016



Glace – Ice-cream. Ice-cream on French Menus. Glacé and Glacée are Desserts That are Frozen, Iced, Chilled or Glazed.

from
Behind the French Menu
by
Bryan G. Newman

behindthefrenchmenu@gmail.com

 

   
 
Un Cône de Glace - An ice-cream cone.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/preppybyday/5076899310/sizes/m/
   
The French did not invent ice cream nor were they the first to bring ice-cream to Europe; that place is claimed by the Italians.  The first European ice cream recipes arrived in the late 13th century,  by tradition introduced to Italy upon Marco Polo's return from China.  Ice cream became available commercially in France, some four hundred years ago. The oldest café in France still open is Le Procope and Le Procope claims it was the first to bring ice cream to France. This café, now a fine restaurant, was opened in 1686 by an Italian immigrant from Palermo, Sicily, Francesco Procopio.
   

Outside Le Procope, Paris.
   
N.B. The word for ice cream glace is pronounced glas and is written without any accents. Glace is also not to be confused with a sauce, called a demi-glace; that is a base for many sauces and nothing to do with ice cream.

Ice cream on French menus:


Bombe au Grand Marnier -  A molded ice-cream dessert flavored with Grand Marnier.  The original bombe was a multi-layered frozen creation made in the shape of a ball, a round bomb, hence the name. Today’s bombes while still frozen may be shaped differently; a bombe should be filled with fruit and served with a sauce and hopefully will explode gently in your mouth, not in your face.
  
Coupe de Glace 2 boules (or 3 boules) aux choix - A bowl of ice cream with two or three scoops of your choosing.


   

Glace 2 Boules – Two scoops of  ice cream.
Green Tea and Azuki Ice-Cream
  
Glace en Boules – Scoops or balls of ice-cream.

Glace 2 Boules
- Two scoops or balls of ice-cream.
   

Marchand de glace ambulant
A mobile ice cream vendor.

Glace à la Napolitaine - Ice Cream Neapolitan style; ice-cream made with layers of different flavored ice cream.
 
Glace Nélusko - Coffee ice-cream dessert with a praline center. A dish named after the hero Nélusko in the opera L'Africaine. This opera was the last work created by Giacomo Meyerbeer and written especially for the Paris opera house in 1865.
   

Go where the ice cream is.
   
Glaces Alcoolisées -  Ice cream dishes served with liquor. You may be offered a strawberry or other fruit flavored ice-cream made more interesting by adding a flavored eau-de–vie. That will, at least, warm the ice-cream up on the way down!

Un Cône de Glace - An ice-cream cone.

Glacé or Glacée – Iced, chilled, frozen, icy,  glazed
Pronounced glas or glasay.
 
The words glacé with its accent over the e makes clear, to the French, that this is not ice cream.  Glacé and glacée will indicate cold and frozen desserts and also cooked dishes that have a glaze.

Glacé and glacée on French menus:

Crème de Lentilles Glacée  -  A chilled cream of lentil soup.
   

Chilled cream with Marc of Gewurztraminer.
Crème glacée au Marc de Gewurztraminer
 
Compote Rouge Glacée -  A compote of red fruits, that will be berries and other red fruits, cooked and then allowed to cool and served cold and shining, probably from added sugar.
  
Gâteaux Glacée Cacao - A cake with a glazed chocolate icing.
   
French ice-coffee.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/ulikleafar/2623965159/sizes/m/

Parfait Glacé a l'Absinthe  - An absinthe based cream mousse.

Pavé de Veau en Croûte de Thyme et Citron, Carottes glacées – A scallop of veal cooked inside a coating of thyme and lemon and served with glazed carrots.
   
Pear sorbet, meringue glacée, chocolate-caramelized cinnamon cream.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/scaredykat/328174942/sizes/m/

Soufflé Glacé au Calvados  - A frozen souffle flavored with Calvados, the apple brandy.
   
Glacier - An ice-cream shop or ice-cream parlor.

Glaçon - An ice cube; glaçons is plural. (Glaçon is pronounced glason).

Connected posts:
  
 
 
 
 
 

Behind the French Menu
by
Bryan G. Newman

 

behindthefrenchmenu@gmail.com

 

Copyright 2010, 2016.

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